HFEA to allow tissue typing in conjunction with preimplantation genetic diagnosis
13 December 2001
The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) today announced its decision, in principle, to allow tissue typing to be used in conjunction with preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for serious genetic disease.
This decision could allow a couple at risk of passing on a genetic disease to use PGD, not only to select embryos free from the disease, but also to select an embryo so that stem cells from the resulting baby's umbilical cord blood could be used in the treatment of an existing affected sibling.
PGD involves the removal of a cell from an embryo created by in vitro fertilisation (IVF). This cell is then tested to see whether the embryo carries a genetic disorder. This is usually performed three days after fertilisation when the embryo has six to ten cells. Tissue typing, or HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) Typing is an additional step whereby the embryo is simultaneously tested for its tissue-compatibility with an affected sibling.
Before this technique can be used in treatment, approval will be required from an HFEA Licence Committee which will consider applications on a case-by- case basis. If licences are issued, these will be subject to strict conditions.(1)
Ruth Deech, Chairman of the HFEA said:
"We have considered the ethical, medical and technical implications of this treatment very carefully indeed. Where PGD is already being undertaken we can see how the use of tissue typing to save the life of a sibling could be justified. We would see this happening only in very rare circumstances and under strict controls."
The HFEA also discussed the possibility of bone marrow donation being considered if the use of umbilical cord blood failed. It was recognised that a child born following PGD would have the same protection as any other prospective child donor and that the wishes of the parents alone would be insufficient in deciding whether or not such a donation could be made.
The HFEA reached its decision following detailed advice provided by the HFEA's Ethics Committee. (2)
Ends
Notes for editors
Some of the conditions will include:
- That all other possibilities of treatment and sources of tissue for the affected child should have been explored
- The condition of the affected child should be severe or life-threateningThe technique should not be available where the intended tissue recipient is a parent.
- Couples undergoing this type of treatment should receive appropriate implications counselling.
- Embryos should not be genetically modified to provide a tissue match.
For furthur information please contact the HFEA press office.
Page last updated: 13 March 2009